“There is no strong evidence directly linking chewing gum to cancer, but certain ingredients have raised concerns,” said Prof Humaid Al Shamsi, medical oncologist and CEO of Burjeel Cancer Institute, in an interview with Khaleej Times.
Ingredients under scrutiny
Some components in chewing gum, such as aspartame, BHT (butylated hydroxytoluene), and titanium dioxide, have drawn scrutiny in scientific studies.
Aspartame, a common artificial sweetener, has been labelled a “possible carcinogen” by the International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC) based on limited animal data. “Global health organisations like the FDA and WHO consider aspartame safe in normal amounts,” Prof Al Shamsi added.
BHT, used as a preservative, has shown possible carcinogenic effects in animals, but not in humans. “Due to public concern, many gum brands have chosen to eliminate BHT from their products,” said Dr Annu Susan George, consultant medical oncology at Medcare Royal Specialty Hospital.
Titanium dioxide, used for whitening, is also flagged by the IARC as a possible carcinogen—but primarily when inhaled in industrial settings. “This concern is not typically relevant to chewing gum,” Dr George noted.
Sugar alcohols like sorbitol and xylitol, widely used in sugar-free gums, can cause digestive issues in large quantities but carry no known cancer risks.
Health effects of chewing gum
Experts noted that sugar-free gum, especially with xylitol, can help reduce cavity risk by stimulating saliva. Many also find gum useful for improving focus and reducing stress.
However, excessive chewing can lead to jaw strain or TMJ disorders, and gums with sugar alcohols may cause bloating or gas. Sugary gum, meanwhile, may contribute to tooth decay.
Expert advice
Both Prof Al Shamsi and Dr Yasir Shafi, a homeopathy practitioner at Wellth, advise checking gum labels and consuming in moderation.
“Opt for sugar-free gum and avoid controversial ingredients like BHT or high levels of artificial sweeteners,” Dr Shafi said.
Experts also recommend that individuals with digestive issues, pregnant women, and children use extra caution when choosing chewing gum.